Millicent Fenwick

Republicans have not won a U.S. Senate seat in New Jersey since 1972, and of the eleven candidates nominated since then, only six had previous experience as a general election candidate.  And only two, Robert Franks and Richard Zimmer, had won general election contests that were even slightly competitive.

If New Jersey does not elect a Congresswoman in the 2008 election, it will be the longest period of an all-male delegation since women won the right to vote in 1920.

The first of just five women to represent New Jersey in the U.S. House of Representatives was elected in 1924 -- four years after the ratification of the nineteenth amendment.  The first was Mary Norton, a political ally of Jersey City Mayor Frank Hague, who was also the first woman to serve on the Hudson County Board of Freeholders when she won in 1922. 

Population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau suggests that there is a chance that New Jersey could lose one congressional seat after the 2010 Census.  That would mean that the population of each district, which was at 647,258 after the last redistricting, could jump to more than 727,000 people per district.

Between 1962 and 1982, New Jersey had fifteen House seats.  The state lost one in 1982 (the old fifth district seat, occupied by Republican Millicent Fenwick, was eliminated; Fenwick was running for the U.S. Senate) and another in 1992 (two Democratic incumbents, Bernard Dwyer and Frank Pallone, were placed in the same district; Dwyer, a 72-year-old six-term Congressman, retired).

At the end of the year, Walter Kavanaugh will have spent 32 years in the New Jersey Legislature -- a considerable career, but not necessarily the one he was hoping for.

The former Air Force helicopter pilot first ran for office in 1963, winning a seat on the Somerville Board of Education. When Republican Victor Rizzolo announced that he would not seek re-election to the State Assembly in 1975, the 32-year-old Kavanaugh became the Somerset GOP organization candidate for the Assembly. He won his first general election with ease, finishing ahead of four-term incumbent John Ewing in his race against Democrats Edward Brady and Peter Dowling. He never had a tough race; even when Democrat Timothy Carden ran an aggressive campaign that put him within 3,000 votes of winning, Kavanaugh still won by more than 10,000.

During his second year in Trenton, Kavanaugh won an Assembly leadership post. The slot became available when Thomas Kean resigned as Minority Leader to concentrate on his campaign for Governor In those days, leadership was rotated every two years, putting Kavanaugh in line to become Republican leader, or Speaker, if his party won control.

After just a few years, Kavanaugh's career began to slow down. An early supporter of Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential bid, Kavanaugh actually sought appointment as the U.S. Ambassador to Ireland, though he was never seriously considered. In 1982, when Millicent Fenwick decided to to give up her fifth district House seat to run for the U.S. Senate, Kavanaugh decided to run for Congress. But when New Jersey lost a House seat after the census, mapmakers eliminated Fenwick's district, effectively ending Kavanaugh's congressional aspirations.

After the 1983 legislative elections, a group of Republican Assemblymen led by Chuck Hardwick ran a slate of candidates against most of the incumbent GOP leadership; Kavanaugh was defeated, along with Marie Muhler, Anthony "Doc" Villane, and Karl Weidel. Hardwick, who leapfrogged over Kavanaugh, became Minority Leader after Dean Gallo went to Congress in 1984, became Speaker after the Republicans won control of the Assembly in 1985 -- Kavanaugh, for at least a few hours, had been a candidate for Speaker.

Kavanaugh remained in the Assembly until 1997, waiting for octogenerian Ewing (who went to the Senate in 1977) to finally retire from the Senate.

For extreme junkies: while attending Notre Dame University (which loses both their Senators with the retirement of Bill Gormley), Kavanaugh worked the carnival circuit, guessing weights and ages. He still has the skills to do that job.

More for extreme junkies: Victor Rizzolo first ran for office at age 21 in 1944, just a few months after his discharge from the U.S. Army during World War II -- he was the Republican candidate for Hudson County Freeholder. After going to law school, he lost three more races -- bids for municipal office in Kearny in 1955, 1956 and 1957 -- and then served as an Assistant Hudson County Prosecutor.

Rizzolo then moved to Somerset County, where he became a Municipal Court Judge in Hillsborough, Millstone and Readington, and then a Somerset County Court Judge. After Fenwick resigned her Assembly seat in 1972 to become state Consumer Affairs Director, Rizzolo won a January 1973 special election to fill her seat. He defeated Michael Imbriani, the former Somerset County Prosecutor. Rizzolo won comfortably in November 1973 (Ewing won his fourth term over Imbriani by just 447 votes), and retired in 1975. He resides in Somerville.

Imbriani was later named to serve as a Superior Court Judge, and served until 1995, when he pleaded guilty to stealing $173,000 from his partners in a real estate development venture. He was placed on probation for five years. At a meeting of the State House Commission in 1998, chaired by Kavanaugh, Assemblyman Anthony Impreveduto sought to protect Imbriani's pension. Assemblyman Leonard Lance, a member of the commission, attempted a compromise that would have reduced the pension, but it was defeated by a 3-2 vote, with representatives of Governor Christine Todd Whitman siding with Impreveduto. A second Democratic commission member, Senator John Lynch, recused himself.

Assemblyman Christopher Bateman is expected to get a clear shot at Walter Kavanaugh's State Senate seat, creating an open Assembly seat in the reliably-Republican sixteenth district. Possible candidates include Somerset County Freeholders Denise Coyle and Rick Fontana, Bridgewater Mayor Patricia Flannery, and former Freeholder Kenneth Scherer. Scherer is less likely, since the 16th district's other legislator, Assemblyman Peter Biondi, also comes from Hillsborough.

For extreme junkies: Somerset County has produced New Jersey's first woman Governor (Christine Todd Whitman, a former Freeholder), the state's second Congresswoman (Millicent Fenwick, who served from 1975 to 1983), and the first Republican woman to win a major party nomination for statewide office (Fenwick, for U.S. Senator in 1982). But only one woman has represented Somerset County in the New Jersey Legislature: Fenwick, who served in the State Assembly from 1970 until her resignation in late 1972 to become the state Consumer Affairs Director.

If Bateman wins the seat, he will be fifty when he enters the Senate -- one year older than his father, Raymond H. Bateman, was when he left the Legislature after twenty years to run for Governor in 1977. Bateman could become the fourth member of the Senate to have been preceeded by their father, joining Leonard Lance, Robert Littell and Christopher Connors, who is running for the open seat created by the retirement of Leonard Connors. The fathers of Ellen Karcher and Thomas Kean, Jr. served in the Assembly.

New Jersey has had four United States Senate vacancies over the last 75 years; the Governor has appointed a caretaker three times and a candidate who ran again once. Each time the Governor named a caretaker, the Governor's party lost the seat, but the one time the Governor appointed a Senator who stood for election, that candidate won.

The last vacancy was in 1982, when Democrat Harrison Williams resigned following his Abscam conviction. The seat had been viewed as open since his 1982 indictment, and four Republicans were looking at the race: Congresswoman Millicent Fenwick, Congressman James Courter, '78 Senate candidate Jeffrey Bell, and former Republican State Chairman/'76 Senate candidate David Norcross. Republican Governor Thomas Kean, in office for three months, decided (after 31 days of thoughtful consideration) to appoint a caretaker, Nicholas Brady, an old friend who ran Dillon Reed, a Wall Street investment bank. Fenwick won the nomination over Bell and then lost to Democrat Frank Lautenberg.

After the death of Republican Senator Warren Barbour in 1943, Democratic Governor Charles Edison appointed a caretaker, Arthur Walsh, a 47-year-old Port Authority Commissioner who was the Assistant Director of the Federal Housing Administration in the Roosevelt administration. Walsh was a friend of the Governor; when he was nineteen, he worked as a violinist for the Governor's father, Thomas Edison. Democrats nominated Congressman Elmer Wene, a chicken farmer from Cumberland County, who lost to Republican Alexander Smith, the Executive Secretary of Princeton University, by a 50%-49% margin.

When A. Harry Moore was elected Governor in 1937, he appointed a close friend, John Milton, a Jersey City lawyer and supporter of Mayor Frank Hague, to replace him. Republicans ran Barbour, who had lost his Senate seat in 1936; he defeated State Senator William Ely of Bergen County by a 53%-46% margin.

Barbour first went to the Senate in 1931 when Republican Governor Morgan Larson appointed him following the death of Republican Senator Dwight Morrow (who died after just seven months in office). A businessman and former Mayor of Rumson -- and a onetime amateur U.S. heavyweight boxing champion -- Barbour ran for the seat in a 1932 special election and defeated Democratic Congressman Percy Stewart by a 50%-49% margin.

Democrats have not nominated a woman for statewide office since 1930, when Thelma Parkinson, then a 32-year-old Democratic activist, ran for the United States Senate. Walter Edge resigned from the Senate in 1929 to become the U.S. Ambassador to France, and David Baird, a Camden County Republican leader, was appointed to fill the seat. Republicans ran millionaire industrialist Dwight Morrow, the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico and the father-in-law of aviator Charles Lindbergh. Democrats decided to run two candidates: Alexander Simpson, a State Senator from Bergen County, for the six-year term, and Parkinson in a Special Election for the remaining two months of Edge's term. Parkinson won 38.6% of the vote, Simpson received 39%.

Women have won Republican statewide nominations five times: Millicent Fenwick (1982), Mary Mochary (1984) and Christie Whitman for U.S. Senate, and Whitman for Governor in 1993 and 1997.

Of the ten most populous states, New Jersey is the only one without a woman in its congressional delegation. New Jersey has been without a Congresswoman since Marge Roukema retired in 2003, and has only elected five women to Congress: Mary Norton (1924), Florence Dwyer (1956), Helen Meyner (1974), Fenwick (1974) and Roukema (1980). Norton and Meyner were Democrats; Dwyer, Fenwick and Roukema were Republicans.